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mouse cd86 primary antibody  (Boster Bio)


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    Structured Review

    Boster Bio mouse cd86 primary antibody
    The effects of patches on angiogenesis and inflammation in infarcted tissues 4 weeks post-MI. a) Immunofluorescence staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a vascular protein marker, green) and von Willebrand factor (vWF, an endothelial marker, red) of the infarct region in the MI, BMN-P, BMN-CP and CBMN-CP groups. b, c) Quantitative analysis of α-SMA (b) and vWF (c) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). d) Representative immunofluorescence staining of the infarct region in different groups for <t>CD86</t> (green) and CD206 (red). e, f) Fluorescence intensity statistics of CD86 (e) and CD206 (f) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
    Mouse Cd86 Primary Antibody, supplied by Boster Bio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 18 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "A self-locking conductive cardiac patch for immediate electrical integration with infarcted rat myocardium"

    Article Title: A self-locking conductive cardiac patch for immediate electrical integration with infarcted rat myocardium

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.10.045

    The effects of patches on angiogenesis and inflammation in infarcted tissues 4 weeks post-MI. a) Immunofluorescence staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a vascular protein marker, green) and von Willebrand factor (vWF, an endothelial marker, red) of the infarct region in the MI, BMN-P, BMN-CP and CBMN-CP groups. b, c) Quantitative analysis of α-SMA (b) and vWF (c) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). d) Representative immunofluorescence staining of the infarct region in different groups for CD86 (green) and CD206 (red). e, f) Fluorescence intensity statistics of CD86 (e) and CD206 (f) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: The effects of patches on angiogenesis and inflammation in infarcted tissues 4 weeks post-MI. a) Immunofluorescence staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a vascular protein marker, green) and von Willebrand factor (vWF, an endothelial marker, red) of the infarct region in the MI, BMN-P, BMN-CP and CBMN-CP groups. b, c) Quantitative analysis of α-SMA (b) and vWF (c) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). d) Representative immunofluorescence staining of the infarct region in different groups for CD86 (green) and CD206 (red). e, f) Fluorescence intensity statistics of CD86 (e) and CD206 (f) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Marker, Fluorescence



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    Boster Bio mouse cd86 primary antibody
    The effects of patches on angiogenesis and inflammation in infarcted tissues 4 weeks post-MI. a) Immunofluorescence staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a vascular protein marker, green) and von Willebrand factor (vWF, an endothelial marker, red) of the infarct region in the MI, BMN-P, BMN-CP and CBMN-CP groups. b, c) Quantitative analysis of α-SMA (b) and vWF (c) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). d) Representative immunofluorescence staining of the infarct region in different groups for <t>CD86</t> (green) and CD206 (red). e, f) Fluorescence intensity statistics of CD86 (e) and CD206 (f) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
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    The effects of patches on angiogenesis and inflammation in infarcted tissues 4 weeks post-MI. a) Immunofluorescence staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a vascular protein marker, green) and von Willebrand factor (vWF, an endothelial marker, red) of the infarct region in the MI, BMN-P, BMN-CP and CBMN-CP groups. b, c) Quantitative analysis of α-SMA (b) and vWF (c) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). d) Representative immunofluorescence staining of the infarct region in different groups for <t>CD86</t> (green) and CD206 (red). e, f) Fluorescence intensity statistics of CD86 (e) and CD206 (f) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.
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    Representative immunofluorescence images of subcutaneous implants at day 28 in each group (A) . CD68 and CD206 stained in green, <t>CD86</t> stained in red. Quantification of CD68 + total macrophages, CD86 + M1-macrophages, CD206+ M2-macrophages and M2/M1 (CD206+/CD86+) ratio (B) . * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. ns represents no significant difference.
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    Effects of moderate hyperglycemia on the expression of TNFα , Cxcl10 , and macrophage markers in the liver. (A) TNFα expression. (B) Cxcl10 expression. (C–F) macrophage markers. Every gene expression intensity was normalized to that of GAPDH . Bars are mean ± SEM, n=3 ( TNFα ), n=6 ( Cxcl10 , F4/80 , CD68 , <t>CD86</t> , CD206 ). (G) Protein band of CD86 and GAPDH of Wild and GKKO mice liver samples (a) and their intensity profiles analyzed using ImageJ (b). Blue dotted line: Wild, red dotted line: GKKO.
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    Effects of moderate hyperglycemia on the expression of TNFα , Cxcl10 , and macrophage markers in the liver. (A) TNFα expression. (B) Cxcl10 expression. (C–F) macrophage markers. Every gene expression intensity was normalized to that of GAPDH . Bars are mean ± SEM, n=3 ( TNFα ), n=6 ( Cxcl10 , F4/80 , CD68 , <t>CD86</t> , CD206 ). (G) Protein band of CD86 and GAPDH of Wild and GKKO mice liver samples (a) and their intensity profiles analyzed using ImageJ (b). Blue dotted line: Wild, red dotted line: GKKO.
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    M1‐ and M2‐polarized macrophages in BC tissues with different expression of FREM1. (A) BC tissues were first divided into low‐ and high‐FREM1 group as described previously. IF was conducted to assess the presence of <t>CD86</t> + CD163 − M1‐polarized and CD86 − CD163 + M2‐polarized macrophages in low‐ and high‐FREM1 group. Simples were double stained for CD86‐Alexa Fluor‐647 (red) and CD163‐Alexa Fluor‐488 (green). DAPI represents nuclei of the cells (blue). Images are shown individually and as an overlay of the fluorescence channels on the far right. Scatter plots displaying the quantitative data of (B) CD86 + and (C) CD163 + cells in FREM‐low and FREM1‐high group. Solid lines in the scatter plots delineate the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001
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    Quantitative analyses in inguinal adipose tissue of DIO rats. Panels a–d: Immunohistochemical representative images (400x magnification, scale bar = 50 µm) showing specific <t>UCP1-immunostained</t> cells from the inguinal white adipose tissue of DIO Wistar rats (oral treatments: panel a, saline; panel b, Pep19, 100 μg/Kg; panel c, Pep19, 300 μg/Kg; panel d, Pep19, 600 μg/Kg). Quantitative analyses of UCP1 labeled cells were determined from at least 25 different fields in each slice (n = 8–10), and examined using ImageJ software at 400x magnification; results are expressed as number of UCP1 positive cells per mm 2 . Representative UCP1-immunostained cells (fast red dye) obtained from each treatment are indicated by arrows. Panel e: Quantitative analyses suggest that oral administration of Pep19 600 μg/Kg increases the number of UCP1-immunostained cells in the inguinal adipose tissue compared to saline or other treatments (n = 8–10; *p < 0.05, saline vs Pep19 600 μg/Kg). Note that in Pep19 treated animals (panels, c and d) immunostained-UCP1 cells seem to occur in fibrotic-like areas of the adipose tissue. Panel f: Quantitative Western blot analysis suggested similar levels of UCP1 expression in either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg) treated groups of DIO animals; (each line shown on the upper panel f, is representative of one individual animal treated with either saline or Pep19 600 μg/Kg; n = 7). Note that the ratio of UCP1 negative cells to positive cells is fairly large and this could contribute to lack in change in the protein levels seen in the Western Blots (panel f). Panel g: Quantitative analyses of the number of adipocytes (adipocytes/µm 2 ; 500–800 cells were counted per animal (n = 3), in 14–18 different fields of the H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.05). Panel h: Quantitative analyses of the adipocyte area were performed measuring 15 different adipocytes in each of the 6 fields analyzed per H&E stained slices from each animal (n = 3), using H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.01). All results are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.
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    Quantitative analyses in inguinal adipose tissue of DIO rats. Panels a–d: Immunohistochemical representative images (400x magnification, scale bar = 50 µm) showing specific <t>UCP1-immunostained</t> cells from the inguinal white adipose tissue of DIO Wistar rats (oral treatments: panel a, saline; panel b, Pep19, 100 μg/Kg; panel c, Pep19, 300 μg/Kg; panel d, Pep19, 600 μg/Kg). Quantitative analyses of UCP1 labeled cells were determined from at least 25 different fields in each slice (n = 8–10), and examined using ImageJ software at 400x magnification; results are expressed as number of UCP1 positive cells per mm 2 . Representative UCP1-immunostained cells (fast red dye) obtained from each treatment are indicated by arrows. Panel e: Quantitative analyses suggest that oral administration of Pep19 600 μg/Kg increases the number of UCP1-immunostained cells in the inguinal adipose tissue compared to saline or other treatments (n = 8–10; *p < 0.05, saline vs Pep19 600 μg/Kg). Note that in Pep19 treated animals (panels, c and d) immunostained-UCP1 cells seem to occur in fibrotic-like areas of the adipose tissue. Panel f: Quantitative Western blot analysis suggested similar levels of UCP1 expression in either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg) treated groups of DIO animals; (each line shown on the upper panel f, is representative of one individual animal treated with either saline or Pep19 600 μg/Kg; n = 7). Note that the ratio of UCP1 negative cells to positive cells is fairly large and this could contribute to lack in change in the protein levels seen in the Western Blots (panel f). Panel g: Quantitative analyses of the number of adipocytes (adipocytes/µm 2 ; 500–800 cells were counted per animal (n = 3), in 14–18 different fields of the H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.05). Panel h: Quantitative analyses of the adipocyte area were performed measuring 15 different adipocytes in each of the 6 fields analyzed per H&E stained slices from each animal (n = 3), using H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.01). All results are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.
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    Quantitative analyses in inguinal adipose tissue of DIO rats. Panels a–d: Immunohistochemical representative images (400x magnification, scale bar = 50 µm) showing specific <t>UCP1-immunostained</t> cells from the inguinal white adipose tissue of DIO Wistar rats (oral treatments: panel a, saline; panel b, Pep19, 100 μg/Kg; panel c, Pep19, 300 μg/Kg; panel d, Pep19, 600 μg/Kg). Quantitative analyses of UCP1 labeled cells were determined from at least 25 different fields in each slice (n = 8–10), and examined using ImageJ software at 400x magnification; results are expressed as number of UCP1 positive cells per mm 2 . Representative UCP1-immunostained cells (fast red dye) obtained from each treatment are indicated by arrows. Panel e: Quantitative analyses suggest that oral administration of Pep19 600 μg/Kg increases the number of UCP1-immunostained cells in the inguinal adipose tissue compared to saline or other treatments (n = 8–10; *p < 0.05, saline vs Pep19 600 μg/Kg). Note that in Pep19 treated animals (panels, c and d) immunostained-UCP1 cells seem to occur in fibrotic-like areas of the adipose tissue. Panel f: Quantitative Western blot analysis suggested similar levels of UCP1 expression in either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg) treated groups of DIO animals; (each line shown on the upper panel f, is representative of one individual animal treated with either saline or Pep19 600 μg/Kg; n = 7). Note that the ratio of UCP1 negative cells to positive cells is fairly large and this could contribute to lack in change in the protein levels seen in the Western Blots (panel f). Panel g: Quantitative analyses of the number of adipocytes (adipocytes/µm 2 ; 500–800 cells were counted per animal (n = 3), in 14–18 different fields of the H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.05). Panel h: Quantitative analyses of the adipocyte area were performed measuring 15 different adipocytes in each of the 6 fields analyzed per H&E stained slices from each animal (n = 3), using H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.01). All results are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.
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    Image Search Results


    The effects of patches on angiogenesis and inflammation in infarcted tissues 4 weeks post-MI. a) Immunofluorescence staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a vascular protein marker, green) and von Willebrand factor (vWF, an endothelial marker, red) of the infarct region in the MI, BMN-P, BMN-CP and CBMN-CP groups. b, c) Quantitative analysis of α-SMA (b) and vWF (c) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). d) Representative immunofluorescence staining of the infarct region in different groups for CD86 (green) and CD206 (red). e, f) Fluorescence intensity statistics of CD86 (e) and CD206 (f) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    Article Title: A self-locking conductive cardiac patch for immediate electrical integration with infarcted rat myocardium

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.10.045

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of patches on angiogenesis and inflammation in infarcted tissues 4 weeks post-MI. a) Immunofluorescence staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, a vascular protein marker, green) and von Willebrand factor (vWF, an endothelial marker, red) of the infarct region in the MI, BMN-P, BMN-CP and CBMN-CP groups. b, c) Quantitative analysis of α-SMA (b) and vWF (c) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). d) Representative immunofluorescence staining of the infarct region in different groups for CD86 (green) and CD206 (red). e, f) Fluorescence intensity statistics of CD86 (e) and CD206 (f) in different groups based on fluorescent staining images (n = 4). Nuclei are stained blue with DAPI. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: The tissue sections were then incubated with the following primary antibodies: rabbit Connexin 43 primary antibody (BOSTER, BA1727, 1:200, China), mouse α-actinin primary antibody (Abcam, AB9465, 1:200, UK), mouse α-SMA primary antibody (Wuhan Sanying, 67735-1-IG, 1:400, China), rabbit vWF primary antibody (Wuhan Sanying, 27186-1-AP, 1:300, China), mouse CD86 primary antibody (BOSTER, BA4121, 1:100, China) and rabbit CD206 primary antibody (Wuhan Sanying, 18704-1-AP, 1:400, China).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Marker, Fluorescence

    Representative immunofluorescence images of subcutaneous implants at day 28 in each group (A) . CD68 and CD206 stained in green, CD86 stained in red. Quantification of CD68 + total macrophages, CD86 + M1-macrophages, CD206+ M2-macrophages and M2/M1 (CD206+/CD86+) ratio (B) . * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. ns represents no significant difference.

    Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

    Article Title: Vascular endothelial growth factor attenuates neointimal hyperplasia of decellularized small-diameter vascular grafts by modulating the local inflammatory response

    doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1066266

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative immunofluorescence images of subcutaneous implants at day 28 in each group (A) . CD68 and CD206 stained in green, CD86 stained in red. Quantification of CD68 + total macrophages, CD86 + M1-macrophages, CD206+ M2-macrophages and M2/M1 (CD206+/CD86+) ratio (B) . * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. ns represents no significant difference.

    Article Snippet: M1 macrophages were stained with mouse anti-CD86 primary antibody (1:100, ab220188, Abcam, United States).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining

    Representative immunofluorescence images of vascular grafts at day 28 in each group (A) . CD68 and CD206 stained in green, CD86 stained in red. Quantification of CD68 + total macrophages, CD86 + M1-macrophages, CD206+ M2-macrophages and M2/M1 (CD206+/CD86 + ) ratio (B) . * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. ns represents no significant difference.

    Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

    Article Title: Vascular endothelial growth factor attenuates neointimal hyperplasia of decellularized small-diameter vascular grafts by modulating the local inflammatory response

    doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1066266

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative immunofluorescence images of vascular grafts at day 28 in each group (A) . CD68 and CD206 stained in green, CD86 stained in red. Quantification of CD68 + total macrophages, CD86 + M1-macrophages, CD206+ M2-macrophages and M2/M1 (CD206+/CD86 + ) ratio (B) . * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. ns represents no significant difference.

    Article Snippet: M1 macrophages were stained with mouse anti-CD86 primary antibody (1:100, ab220188, Abcam, United States).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining

    Representative immunofluorescence images of vascular grafts at day 7 in each group (A) . CD68 and CD206 stained in green, CD86 stained in red. Quantification of CD68 + total macrophages, CD86 + M1-macrophages, CD206+ M2-macrophages and M2/M1 (CD206+/CD86 + ) ratio (B) . * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. ns represents no significant difference.

    Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

    Article Title: Vascular endothelial growth factor attenuates neointimal hyperplasia of decellularized small-diameter vascular grafts by modulating the local inflammatory response

    doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1066266

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative immunofluorescence images of vascular grafts at day 7 in each group (A) . CD68 and CD206 stained in green, CD86 stained in red. Quantification of CD68 + total macrophages, CD86 + M1-macrophages, CD206+ M2-macrophages and M2/M1 (CD206+/CD86 + ) ratio (B) . * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. ns represents no significant difference.

    Article Snippet: M1 macrophages were stained with mouse anti-CD86 primary antibody (1:100, ab220188, Abcam, United States).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining

    Effects of moderate hyperglycemia on the expression of TNFα , Cxcl10 , and macrophage markers in the liver. (A) TNFα expression. (B) Cxcl10 expression. (C–F) macrophage markers. Every gene expression intensity was normalized to that of GAPDH . Bars are mean ± SEM, n=3 ( TNFα ), n=6 ( Cxcl10 , F4/80 , CD68 , CD86 , CD206 ). (G) Protein band of CD86 and GAPDH of Wild and GKKO mice liver samples (a) and their intensity profiles analyzed using ImageJ (b). Blue dotted line: Wild, red dotted line: GKKO.

    Journal: Experimental Animals

    Article Title: Moderate hyperglycemia suppresses melanoma metastasis to liver

    doi: 10.1538/expanim.22-0078

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of moderate hyperglycemia on the expression of TNFα , Cxcl10 , and macrophage markers in the liver. (A) TNFα expression. (B) Cxcl10 expression. (C–F) macrophage markers. Every gene expression intensity was normalized to that of GAPDH . Bars are mean ± SEM, n=3 ( TNFα ), n=6 ( Cxcl10 , F4/80 , CD68 , CD86 , CD206 ). (G) Protein band of CD86 and GAPDH of Wild and GKKO mice liver samples (a) and their intensity profiles analyzed using ImageJ (b). Blue dotted line: Wild, red dotted line: GKKO.

    Article Snippet: The PVDF membrane was then blocked in TBS-T (Tris-buffered saline (25 mM Tris, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl) containing 1 (v/v)% Tween 20) solution containing 5 (w/v)% skim milk at 25°C for 30 min. Then the PVDF membrane was probed with primary antibodies against mouse B7-2 (CD86) (1:500, sc-28347; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), and GAPDH (1:1,000, sc-32233; Santa Cruz Biotechnology) in a 5% skim milk TBS-T solution at 25°C for 3 h. The membrane was further incubated with secondary antibody (anti-mouse immunoglobulin conjugated to alkaline phosphatase, Promega, Madison, WI, USA) in TBS-T at 25°C for 1 h. Finally, membranes were incubated with Western Blue Stabilized Substrate (Promega) for alkaline phosphatase at 25°C for 10 min.

    Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression

    M1‐ and M2‐polarized macrophages in BC tissues with different expression of FREM1. (A) BC tissues were first divided into low‐ and high‐FREM1 group as described previously. IF was conducted to assess the presence of CD86 + CD163 − M1‐polarized and CD86 − CD163 + M2‐polarized macrophages in low‐ and high‐FREM1 group. Simples were double stained for CD86‐Alexa Fluor‐647 (red) and CD163‐Alexa Fluor‐488 (green). DAPI represents nuclei of the cells (blue). Images are shown individually and as an overlay of the fluorescence channels on the far right. Scatter plots displaying the quantitative data of (B) CD86 + and (C) CD163 + cells in FREM‐low and FREM1‐high group. Solid lines in the scatter plots delineate the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001

    Journal: Cancer Medicine

    Article Title: Elevated expression of FREM1 in breast cancer indicates favorable prognosis and high‐level immune infiltration status

    doi: 10.1002/cam4.3543

    Figure Lengend Snippet: M1‐ and M2‐polarized macrophages in BC tissues with different expression of FREM1. (A) BC tissues were first divided into low‐ and high‐FREM1 group as described previously. IF was conducted to assess the presence of CD86 + CD163 − M1‐polarized and CD86 − CD163 + M2‐polarized macrophages in low‐ and high‐FREM1 group. Simples were double stained for CD86‐Alexa Fluor‐647 (red) and CD163‐Alexa Fluor‐488 (green). DAPI represents nuclei of the cells (blue). Images are shown individually and as an overlay of the fluorescence channels on the far right. Scatter plots displaying the quantitative data of (B) CD86 + and (C) CD163 + cells in FREM‐low and FREM1‐high group. Solid lines in the scatter plots delineate the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001

    Article Snippet: Slides were then incubated with mouse antihuman CD86 primary antibodies (Abcam, ab270719, 2 µg/ml) for 2 h at room temperature.

    Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Fluorescence

    Quantitative analyses in inguinal adipose tissue of DIO rats. Panels a–d: Immunohistochemical representative images (400x magnification, scale bar = 50 µm) showing specific UCP1-immunostained cells from the inguinal white adipose tissue of DIO Wistar rats (oral treatments: panel a, saline; panel b, Pep19, 100 μg/Kg; panel c, Pep19, 300 μg/Kg; panel d, Pep19, 600 μg/Kg). Quantitative analyses of UCP1 labeled cells were determined from at least 25 different fields in each slice (n = 8–10), and examined using ImageJ software at 400x magnification; results are expressed as number of UCP1 positive cells per mm 2 . Representative UCP1-immunostained cells (fast red dye) obtained from each treatment are indicated by arrows. Panel e: Quantitative analyses suggest that oral administration of Pep19 600 μg/Kg increases the number of UCP1-immunostained cells in the inguinal adipose tissue compared to saline or other treatments (n = 8–10; *p < 0.05, saline vs Pep19 600 μg/Kg). Note that in Pep19 treated animals (panels, c and d) immunostained-UCP1 cells seem to occur in fibrotic-like areas of the adipose tissue. Panel f: Quantitative Western blot analysis suggested similar levels of UCP1 expression in either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg) treated groups of DIO animals; (each line shown on the upper panel f, is representative of one individual animal treated with either saline or Pep19 600 μg/Kg; n = 7). Note that the ratio of UCP1 negative cells to positive cells is fairly large and this could contribute to lack in change in the protein levels seen in the Western Blots (panel f). Panel g: Quantitative analyses of the number of adipocytes (adipocytes/µm 2 ; 500–800 cells were counted per animal (n = 3), in 14–18 different fields of the H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.05). Panel h: Quantitative analyses of the adipocyte area were performed measuring 15 different adipocytes in each of the 6 fields analyzed per H&E stained slices from each animal (n = 3), using H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.01). All results are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: A novel peptide that improves metabolic parameters without adverse central nervous system effects

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13690-9

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative analyses in inguinal adipose tissue of DIO rats. Panels a–d: Immunohistochemical representative images (400x magnification, scale bar = 50 µm) showing specific UCP1-immunostained cells from the inguinal white adipose tissue of DIO Wistar rats (oral treatments: panel a, saline; panel b, Pep19, 100 μg/Kg; panel c, Pep19, 300 μg/Kg; panel d, Pep19, 600 μg/Kg). Quantitative analyses of UCP1 labeled cells were determined from at least 25 different fields in each slice (n = 8–10), and examined using ImageJ software at 400x magnification; results are expressed as number of UCP1 positive cells per mm 2 . Representative UCP1-immunostained cells (fast red dye) obtained from each treatment are indicated by arrows. Panel e: Quantitative analyses suggest that oral administration of Pep19 600 μg/Kg increases the number of UCP1-immunostained cells in the inguinal adipose tissue compared to saline or other treatments (n = 8–10; *p < 0.05, saline vs Pep19 600 μg/Kg). Note that in Pep19 treated animals (panels, c and d) immunostained-UCP1 cells seem to occur in fibrotic-like areas of the adipose tissue. Panel f: Quantitative Western blot analysis suggested similar levels of UCP1 expression in either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg) treated groups of DIO animals; (each line shown on the upper panel f, is representative of one individual animal treated with either saline or Pep19 600 μg/Kg; n = 7). Note that the ratio of UCP1 negative cells to positive cells is fairly large and this could contribute to lack in change in the protein levels seen in the Western Blots (panel f). Panel g: Quantitative analyses of the number of adipocytes (adipocytes/µm 2 ; 500–800 cells were counted per animal (n = 3), in 14–18 different fields of the H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.05). Panel h: Quantitative analyses of the adipocyte area were performed measuring 15 different adipocytes in each of the 6 fields analyzed per H&E stained slices from each animal (n = 3), using H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.01). All results are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.

    Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked for 1 h at room temperature in Tris-buffered saline Tween-20 buffer with 5% nonfat dry milk, followed by overnight incubation at 4 °C with specific mouse primary antibodies for UCP1 (Abcam, ab23841) or GAPDH (sc-32233, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) diluted 1:1000 in Tris-buffered saline with 5% nonfat dry milk.

    Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Labeling, Software, Western Blot, Expressing, Staining

    Signaling pathways induced by Pep19 in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Panels a and b: Relative UCP1 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Panel a: Cells were exposed to rosiglitazone (RSG, 5µM), or different concentrations of hemopressin (HP, 0.1–10 µM) or Pep19 (0.1–10 µM). Panel b: 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells exposed to Pep19 (1 µM) for 24 h in the absence or presence of either RSG (5 µM), the CB1R agonist WIN55,212–2 (1 µM), the CB1R antagonist AM251 (1 µM) or the CB1R inverse agonist HP (1 µM). Western blots were conducted using mouse anti-UCP1 antibodies, and anti-GAPDH antibodies were used as loading controls. Panels c and d: 3T3-L1 cells were starved for 16 h in serum-free medium prior to stimulation (vehicle or Pep19, 1 μM) for the indicated time period. Western blots were carried out using: Panel c, mouse monoclonal anti-phosphoERK1/2, and rabbit polyclonal anti-total ERK1/2; Panel d, rabbit phospho-AKT S473 (anti-pAKT, S473) and mouse monoclonal anti-tubulin antibodies. Imaging and band intensity measurements were performed using the Odyssey imaging system (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Data are representative of three independent experiments that produced similar results. Unt, cells not treated with vehicle (Veh) or peptide 19 (Pep19). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: A novel peptide that improves metabolic parameters without adverse central nervous system effects

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13690-9

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Signaling pathways induced by Pep19 in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Panels a and b: Relative UCP1 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Panel a: Cells were exposed to rosiglitazone (RSG, 5µM), or different concentrations of hemopressin (HP, 0.1–10 µM) or Pep19 (0.1–10 µM). Panel b: 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells exposed to Pep19 (1 µM) for 24 h in the absence or presence of either RSG (5 µM), the CB1R agonist WIN55,212–2 (1 µM), the CB1R antagonist AM251 (1 µM) or the CB1R inverse agonist HP (1 µM). Western blots were conducted using mouse anti-UCP1 antibodies, and anti-GAPDH antibodies were used as loading controls. Panels c and d: 3T3-L1 cells were starved for 16 h in serum-free medium prior to stimulation (vehicle or Pep19, 1 μM) for the indicated time period. Western blots were carried out using: Panel c, mouse monoclonal anti-phosphoERK1/2, and rabbit polyclonal anti-total ERK1/2; Panel d, rabbit phospho-AKT S473 (anti-pAKT, S473) and mouse monoclonal anti-tubulin antibodies. Imaging and band intensity measurements were performed using the Odyssey imaging system (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Data are representative of three independent experiments that produced similar results. Unt, cells not treated with vehicle (Veh) or peptide 19 (Pep19). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.

    Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked for 1 h at room temperature in Tris-buffered saline Tween-20 buffer with 5% nonfat dry milk, followed by overnight incubation at 4 °C with specific mouse primary antibodies for UCP1 (Abcam, ab23841) or GAPDH (sc-32233, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) diluted 1:1000 in Tris-buffered saline with 5% nonfat dry milk.

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Imaging, Produced, Software

    Quantitative analyses in inguinal adipose tissue of DIO rats. Panels a–d: Immunohistochemical representative images (400x magnification, scale bar = 50 µm) showing specific UCP1-immunostained cells from the inguinal white adipose tissue of DIO Wistar rats (oral treatments: panel a, saline; panel b, Pep19, 100 μg/Kg; panel c, Pep19, 300 μg/Kg; panel d, Pep19, 600 μg/Kg). Quantitative analyses of UCP1 labeled cells were determined from at least 25 different fields in each slice (n = 8–10), and examined using ImageJ software at 400x magnification; results are expressed as number of UCP1 positive cells per mm 2 . Representative UCP1-immunostained cells (fast red dye) obtained from each treatment are indicated by arrows. Panel e: Quantitative analyses suggest that oral administration of Pep19 600 μg/Kg increases the number of UCP1-immunostained cells in the inguinal adipose tissue compared to saline or other treatments (n = 8–10; *p < 0.05, saline vs Pep19 600 μg/Kg). Note that in Pep19 treated animals (panels, c and d) immunostained-UCP1 cells seem to occur in fibrotic-like areas of the adipose tissue. Panel f: Quantitative Western blot analysis suggested similar levels of UCP1 expression in either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg) treated groups of DIO animals; (each line shown on the upper panel f, is representative of one individual animal treated with either saline or Pep19 600 μg/Kg; n = 7). Note that the ratio of UCP1 negative cells to positive cells is fairly large and this could contribute to lack in change in the protein levels seen in the Western Blots (panel f). Panel g: Quantitative analyses of the number of adipocytes (adipocytes/µm 2 ; 500–800 cells were counted per animal (n = 3), in 14–18 different fields of the H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.05). Panel h: Quantitative analyses of the adipocyte area were performed measuring 15 different adipocytes in each of the 6 fields analyzed per H&E stained slices from each animal (n = 3), using H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.01). All results are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: A novel peptide that improves metabolic parameters without adverse central nervous system effects

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13690-9

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative analyses in inguinal adipose tissue of DIO rats. Panels a–d: Immunohistochemical representative images (400x magnification, scale bar = 50 µm) showing specific UCP1-immunostained cells from the inguinal white adipose tissue of DIO Wistar rats (oral treatments: panel a, saline; panel b, Pep19, 100 μg/Kg; panel c, Pep19, 300 μg/Kg; panel d, Pep19, 600 μg/Kg). Quantitative analyses of UCP1 labeled cells were determined from at least 25 different fields in each slice (n = 8–10), and examined using ImageJ software at 400x magnification; results are expressed as number of UCP1 positive cells per mm 2 . Representative UCP1-immunostained cells (fast red dye) obtained from each treatment are indicated by arrows. Panel e: Quantitative analyses suggest that oral administration of Pep19 600 μg/Kg increases the number of UCP1-immunostained cells in the inguinal adipose tissue compared to saline or other treatments (n = 8–10; *p < 0.05, saline vs Pep19 600 μg/Kg). Note that in Pep19 treated animals (panels, c and d) immunostained-UCP1 cells seem to occur in fibrotic-like areas of the adipose tissue. Panel f: Quantitative Western blot analysis suggested similar levels of UCP1 expression in either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg) treated groups of DIO animals; (each line shown on the upper panel f, is representative of one individual animal treated with either saline or Pep19 600 μg/Kg; n = 7). Note that the ratio of UCP1 negative cells to positive cells is fairly large and this could contribute to lack in change in the protein levels seen in the Western Blots (panel f). Panel g: Quantitative analyses of the number of adipocytes (adipocytes/µm 2 ; 500–800 cells were counted per animal (n = 3), in 14–18 different fields of the H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.05). Panel h: Quantitative analyses of the adipocyte area were performed measuring 15 different adipocytes in each of the 6 fields analyzed per H&E stained slices from each animal (n = 3), using H&E stained slices of adipose tissue from animals treated with either saline or Pep19 (600 μg/Kg; *p < 0.01). All results are expressed as the means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.

    Article Snippet: Next, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with specific mouse primary antibodies anti-UCP1 (Abcam, ab23841) or GAPDH (sc-32233, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) diluted 1:1000 in Tris-HCl-buffered saline, pH 7.4, containning 5% nonfat dry milk.

    Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Labeling, Software, Western Blot, Expressing, Staining

    Signaling pathways induced by Pep19 in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Panels a and b: Relative UCP1 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Panel a: Cells were exposed to rosiglitazone (RSG, 5µM), or different concentrations of hemopressin (HP, 0.1–10 µM) or Pep19 (0.1–10 µM). Panel b: 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells exposed to Pep19 (1 µM) for 24 h in the absence or presence of either RSG (5 µM), the CB1R agonist WIN55,212–2 (1 µM), the CB1R antagonist AM251 (1 µM) or the CB1R inverse agonist HP (1 µM). Western blots were conducted using mouse anti-UCP1 antibodies, and anti-GAPDH antibodies were used as loading controls. Panels c and d: 3T3-L1 cells were starved for 16 h in serum-free medium prior to stimulation (vehicle or Pep19, 1 μM) for the indicated time period. Western blots were carried out using: Panel c, mouse monoclonal anti-phosphoERK1/2, and rabbit polyclonal anti-total ERK1/2; Panel d, rabbit phospho-AKT S473 (anti-pAKT, S473) and mouse monoclonal anti-tubulin antibodies. Imaging and band intensity measurements were performed using the Odyssey imaging system (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Data are representative of three independent experiments that produced similar results. Unt, cells not treated with vehicle (Veh) or peptide 19 (Pep19). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: A novel peptide that improves metabolic parameters without adverse central nervous system effects

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13690-9

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Signaling pathways induced by Pep19 in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Panels a and b: Relative UCP1 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. Panel a: Cells were exposed to rosiglitazone (RSG, 5µM), or different concentrations of hemopressin (HP, 0.1–10 µM) or Pep19 (0.1–10 µM). Panel b: 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells exposed to Pep19 (1 µM) for 24 h in the absence or presence of either RSG (5 µM), the CB1R agonist WIN55,212–2 (1 µM), the CB1R antagonist AM251 (1 µM) or the CB1R inverse agonist HP (1 µM). Western blots were conducted using mouse anti-UCP1 antibodies, and anti-GAPDH antibodies were used as loading controls. Panels c and d: 3T3-L1 cells were starved for 16 h in serum-free medium prior to stimulation (vehicle or Pep19, 1 μM) for the indicated time period. Western blots were carried out using: Panel c, mouse monoclonal anti-phosphoERK1/2, and rabbit polyclonal anti-total ERK1/2; Panel d, rabbit phospho-AKT S473 (anti-pAKT, S473) and mouse monoclonal anti-tubulin antibodies. Imaging and band intensity measurements were performed using the Odyssey imaging system (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Data are representative of three independent experiments that produced similar results. Unt, cells not treated with vehicle (Veh) or peptide 19 (Pep19). The statistical comparisons were performed using Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by ad-hoc Tukey’s test using GraphPad Prism software * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001. Crude Western blot membranes are shown on Supplemental material.

    Article Snippet: Next, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with specific mouse primary antibodies anti-UCP1 (Abcam, ab23841) or GAPDH (sc-32233, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA) diluted 1:1000 in Tris-HCl-buffered saline, pH 7.4, containning 5% nonfat dry milk.

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Imaging, Produced, Software